• 高顿研究院老师83
  • 具有海外学术背景
  • 高顿精细化服务团队已超过1000人
  • 荣获“2021年度品牌影响力教育集团”、“智 能职业教育品牌

400-060-0105

MBA学位深度解析:从核心定义到ACCA免修规则的全面指南

来源:长沙高顿MBA 时间:07-19

MBA学位深度解析:从核心定义到ACCA免修规则的全面指南

ACCA免修的专业门槛与MBA的特殊权益

国际注册会计师(ACCA)作为全球权威的财会资格认证,其免修政策对专业背景有明确要求。通常情况下,仅会计、会计学辅修、金融、法律、商业管理等相关专业的学生可申请部分科目免修,其他专业的硕士学位持有者一般不在免修范围内。而在这一规则中,工商管理硕士(MBA)是一个特殊存在——完成MBA课程的学生,可享受ACCA三门课程的免修权益。

需要特别说明的是,ACCA免修并非自动生效,需满足具体申请条件。以MPAcc(会计硕士专业学位)为例,其豁免政策包含多重细节:首先,学生需成功完成整个学年的课程学习方可提交申请;其次,针对在校生的免修政策仅适用于会计专业全日制本科阶段,硕士或大专在校生暂不适用;再者,已完成MPAcc学位大纲规定课程但尚未完成论文的学生,需提供院校出具的完整课程成绩单,证明所有规定课程已通过,且论文处于即将完成状态,方可注册并申请豁免。

此外,部分合作办学项目需注意:若项目属于特许学位(即海外大学与中国本土高校合作,由海外大学授予学位的项目),完成后可能无法申请ACCA免修。同时,所有免修政策仅适用于在中国教育部认可的高等院校完成全部或部分本科课程的学生,与当前居住地无关。值得注意的是,若学生同时申请牛津布鲁克斯大学学士学位,则需主动放弃F7-F9科目的豁免资格。

MBA学位的本质:从定义到培养逻辑

工商管理硕士(MBA)是聚焦于商业管理实践的专业学位,其核心目标是培养具备复合能力的高层次管理人才,满足工商企业高层管理及经济管理部门的需求。与传统学术型硕士不同,MBA教育更强调理论与实践的深度结合。普通硕士研究生多以培养科研或教学人才为导向,课程设置偏重理论研究;而MBA的招生对象主要为具有三年以上工作经验的企事业单位管理人员、技术骨干或国家机关干部,其培养过程本质上是一种专业实践训练。

具体来看,MBA课程体系围绕现代管理理论与方法展开,通过商业案例分析、企业实践观察、决策技能训练等方式,重点提升学生的实际操作能力。这种训练不仅包括知识与技能的积累,更注重个性心理、职业目标与竞争实力的综合塑造。例如,在战略管理课程中,学生需模拟企业高管角色,针对真实商业案例制定战略方案并进行风险评估;在市场营销课程中,需深入市场调研,设计可落地的营销计划,这些都与学术型硕士的理论推导形成鲜明对比。

从历史维度看,MBA教育起源于美国,经过百余年的发展,已成为全球管理教育的标杆。美国作为MBA的发源地,通过系统化的课程设计和实战化的培养模式,为企业输送了大量优秀管理人才。数据显示,美国的500家公司中,超过80%的总经理、董事会等核心高管持有MBA学位。这一现象不仅印证了MBA教育的成功,更凸显了其在商业领域的核心价值——培养能够应对复杂商业环境、具备战略眼光与执行能力的管理精英。

MBA的行业价值与职业发展前景

在企业端,MBA毕业生往往被视为“管理潜力股”。其跨学科的知识结构(涵盖财务、营销、运营、战略等模块)、系统化的思维方式以及实战导向的解决问题能力,使其能够快速适应企业高层管理岗位的需求。例如,在互联网行业,MBA背景的管理者更擅长从商业逻辑出发,协调技术、市场、运营等多部门资源,推动产品落地与业务增长;在传统制造业,MBA毕业生则能通过供应链管理、成本控制等知识,优化企业运营效率。

从职业发展路径看,MBA学位不仅是晋升管理层的“加速器”,更是跨行业转型的“通行证”。许多技术背景的从业者通过攻读MBA,成功转向战略管理、投资并购等岗位;金融行业的从业者则借助MBA的综合管理知识,向企业高管方向发展。此外,MBA的校友网络也是其独特优势——全球知名商学院的MBA项目汇聚了各行业的优秀人才,这种人脉资源为毕业生的职业发展提供了持续的支持。

需要强调的是,MBA的价值实现离不开个人的主动投入。课程中的案例讨论、小组项目、企业实习等环节,都需要学生积极参与、深度思考。只有将课堂知识与实际工作经验相结合,才能真正发挥MBA教育的作用,实现从“知识储备”到“管理能力”的转化。

总结:理性看待MBA与ACCA的关联价值

回到ACCA免修的话题,MBA的三门免修权益为同时规划管理与财务方向的职场人提供了便利,但这不应成为选择MBA的唯一理由。无论是攻读MBA还是备考ACCA,核心目标都应是提升自身的专业能力与职业竞争力。对于有意向在企业管理领域发展的从业者,MBA的综合管理知识与实战能力培养,其价值远超过单纯的证书免修。

最后,无论选择何种职业路径,持续学习与实践积累都是关键。MBA教育作为一个优质的学习平台,能够为学习者提供系统的知识框架、优质的人脉资源和实战的机会,但最终的职业成就仍取决于个人的努力与应用能力。希望每一位探索职业发展的朋友,都能找到适合自己的成长路径,在不断突破中实现个人价值与职业目标。

课程导航
校区导航
基本 文件 流程 错误 SQL 调试
  1. 请求信息 : 2026-04-04 13:08:21 HTTP/1.1 GET : http://www.aabqu.com/s/4648/n/28138.html
  2. 运行时间 : 0.019547s [ 吞吐率:51.16req/s ] 内存消耗:390.63kb 文件加载:137
  3. 缓存信息 : 0 reads,0 writes
  1. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/public/index.php ( 0.79 KB )
  2. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/autoload.php ( 0.75 KB )
  3. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/composer/autoload_real.php ( 1.63 KB )
  4. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/composer/platform_check.php ( 0.90 KB )
  5. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/composer/ClassLoader.php ( 15.99 KB )
  6. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/composer/autoload_static.php ( 4.26 KB )
  7. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper.php ( 8.34 KB )
  8. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-validate/src/helper.php ( 2.19 KB )
  9. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/helper.php ( 1.47 KB )
  10. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/stubs/load_stubs.php ( 0.16 KB )
  11. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Exception.php ( 1.69 KB )
  12. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-container/src/Facade.php ( 2.71 KB )
  13. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/symfony/deprecation-contracts/function.php ( 0.99 KB )
  14. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap.php ( 8.26 KB )
  15. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php ( 9.78 KB )
  16. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/symfony/var-dumper/Resources/functions/dump.php ( 1.49 KB )
  17. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/App.php ( 15.30 KB )
  18. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-container/src/Container.php ( 15.76 KB )
  19. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/psr/container/src/ContainerInterface.php ( 1.02 KB )
  20. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/provider.php ( 0.19 KB )
  21. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Http.php ( 6.04 KB )
  22. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper/Str.php ( 7.29 KB )
  23. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Env.php ( 4.68 KB )
  24. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/common.php ( 10.83 KB )
  25. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/helper.php ( 18.78 KB )
  26. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Config.php ( 5.54 KB )
  27. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/app.php ( 1.29 KB )
  28. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Env.php ( 1.67 KB )
  29. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/cache.php ( 1.22 KB )
  30. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/config.php ( 0.26 KB )
  31. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/console.php ( 0.29 KB )
  32. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/cookie.php ( 0.56 KB )
  33. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/database.php ( 2.29 KB )
  34. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/filesystem.php ( 0.63 KB )
  35. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/lang.php ( 0.81 KB )
  36. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/log.php ( 1.37 KB )
  37. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/middleware.php ( 0.19 KB )
  38. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/route.php ( 1.54 KB )
  39. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/session.php ( 0.57 KB )
  40. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/trace.php ( 0.34 KB )
  41. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/view.php ( 0.81 KB )
  42. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/event.php ( 0.25 KB )
  43. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Event.php ( 7.67 KB )
  44. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/service.php ( 0.13 KB )
  45. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/AppService.php ( 0.26 KB )
  46. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Service.php ( 1.64 KB )
  47. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Lang.php ( 7.35 KB )
  48. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/lang/zh-cn.php ( 13.70 KB )
  49. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/Error.php ( 3.31 KB )
  50. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/RegisterService.php ( 1.33 KB )
  51. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/services.php ( 0.14 KB )
  52. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/PaginatorService.php ( 1.52 KB )
  53. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/ValidateService.php ( 0.99 KB )
  54. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/ModelService.php ( 2.04 KB )
  55. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Service.php ( 0.77 KB )
  56. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Middleware.php ( 6.72 KB )
  57. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/BootService.php ( 0.77 KB )
  58. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/Paginator.php ( 11.86 KB )
  59. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-validate/src/Validate.php ( 63.20 KB )
  60. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/Model.php ( 23.55 KB )
  61. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/Attribute.php ( 21.05 KB )
  62. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/AutoWriteData.php ( 4.20 KB )
  63. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/Conversion.php ( 6.75 KB )
  64. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/DbConnect.php ( 5.16 KB )
  65. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/ModelEvent.php ( 2.33 KB )
  66. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/RelationShip.php ( 28.30 KB )
  67. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/contract/Arrayable.php ( 0.09 KB )
  68. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/contract/Jsonable.php ( 0.13 KB )
  69. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/contract/Modelable.php ( 0.09 KB )
  70. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Db.php ( 2.88 KB )
  71. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/DbManager.php ( 8.52 KB )
  72. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Log.php ( 6.28 KB )
  73. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Manager.php ( 3.92 KB )
  74. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/psr/log/src/LoggerTrait.php ( 2.69 KB )
  75. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/psr/log/src/LoggerInterface.php ( 2.71 KB )
  76. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Cache.php ( 4.92 KB )
  77. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/psr/simple-cache/src/CacheInterface.php ( 4.71 KB )
  78. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper/Arr.php ( 17.45 KB )
  79. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/cache/driver/Redis.php ( 6.94 KB )
  80. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/cache/Driver.php ( 9.03 KB )
  81. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/CacheHandlerInterface.php ( 1.99 KB )
  82. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/Request.php ( 0.09 KB )
  83. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Request.php ( 55.78 KB )
  84. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/middleware.php ( 0.26 KB )
  85. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Pipeline.php ( 2.61 KB )
  86. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/TraceDebug.php ( 3.40 KB )
  87. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Route.php ( 23.73 KB )
  88. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleName.php ( 5.75 KB )
  89. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Domain.php ( 2.53 KB )
  90. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleGroup.php ( 22.43 KB )
  91. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Rule.php ( 26.95 KB )
  92. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleItem.php ( 9.78 KB )
  93. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/route/app.php ( 3.05 KB )
  94. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  95. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/dispatch/Controller.php ( 4.74 KB )
  96. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Dispatch.php ( 10.44 KB )
  97. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/controller/Index.php ( 33.26 KB )
  98. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Request.php ( 9.20 KB )
  99. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  100. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/model/IndexModel.php ( 19.95 KB )
  101. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Config.php ( 1.37 KB )
  102. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Cache.php ( 2.06 KB )
  103. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/facade/Db.php ( 0.93 KB )
  104. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/connector/Mysql.php ( 5.73 KB )
  105. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/PDOConnection.php ( 53.74 KB )
  106. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Connection.php ( 8.39 KB )
  107. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/ConnectionInterface.php ( 4.57 KB )
  108. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/builder/Mysql.php ( 16.58 KB )
  109. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Builder.php ( 24.07 KB )
  110. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/BaseBuilder.php ( 27.50 KB )
  111. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Query.php ( 15.97 KB )
  112. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/BaseQuery.php ( 45.13 KB )
  113. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/TimeFieldQuery.php ( 7.43 KB )
  114. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/AggregateQuery.php ( 3.26 KB )
  115. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ModelRelationQuery.php ( 20.07 KB )
  116. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ParamsBind.php ( 3.66 KB )
  117. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ResultOperation.php ( 7.01 KB )
  118. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/WhereQuery.php ( 19.37 KB )
  119. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/JoinAndViewQuery.php ( 7.11 KB )
  120. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/TableFieldInfo.php ( 2.63 KB )
  121. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/Transaction.php ( 2.77 KB )
  122. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/driver/File.php ( 5.96 KB )
  123. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/LogHandlerInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  124. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/Channel.php ( 3.89 KB )
  125. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/event/LogRecord.php ( 1.02 KB )
  126. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/Collection.php ( 16.47 KB )
  127. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  128. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  129. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Cookie.php ( 6.06 KB )
  130. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/View.php ( 4.39 KB )
  131. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/view/driver/Php.php ( 6.44 KB )
  132. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  133. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/view/index/pc/school_news_details.php ( 2.39 KB )
  134. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/view/index/pc/school_top.php ( 5.76 KB )
  135. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/view/index/pc/school_right.php ( 2.17 KB )
  136. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/view/index/pc/school_bottom.php ( 1.16 KB )
  137. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000307s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=baijiao_branch_collect;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fqi_school` [ RunTime:0.001060s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fqi_school` WHERE `school_id` = '4648' AND `site_id` = 15 AND `school_status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000293s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fqi_school_class` [ RunTime:0.000661s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `fqi_school_class` WHERE `school_id` = 4648 [ RunTime:0.000213s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fqi_school_campus` [ RunTime:0.000762s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `fqi_school_campus` WHERE `school_id` = 4648 [ RunTime:0.000267s ]
  8. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fqi_school_news` [ RunTime:0.000767s ]
  9. SELECT `a`.*,`content` FROM `fqi_school_news` `a` LEFT JOIN `fqi_school_news_content` `b` ON `b`.`content_id`=`a`.`content_id` WHERE `school_id` = 4648 AND `a`.`content_id` = '28138' AND `news_status` = 1 AND `school_status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000777s ]
  10. (select content_id,news_name,school_id from fqi_school_news where school_id = '4648' and content_id < '28138' and site_id <= '15' order by content_id desc limit 1) union all(select content_id,news_name,school_id from fqi_school_news where school_id = '4648' and content_id > '28138' and site_id <= '15' order by content_id asc limit 1) [ RunTime:0.000878s ]
  11. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fqi_school_course` [ RunTime:0.000793s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `fqi_school_course` WHERE `school_id` = 4648 AND `site_id` = 15 AND `course_status` = 1 AND `school_status` = 1 ORDER BY `course_id` DESC LIMIT 4 [ RunTime:0.000565s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `fqi_school_course` WHERE `school_id` = 4648 AND `school_status` = 1 AND `course_status` = 1 ORDER BY `course_id` DESC LIMIT 8 [ RunTime:0.000225s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `fqi_school_news` WHERE `school_id` = 4648 ORDER BY `click` DESC,`news_id` DESC LIMIT 5 [ RunTime:0.000209s ]
  15. SELECT `content_id`,`news_name`,`a`.`school_id`,`b`.`school_name` FROM `fqi_school_news` `a` LEFT JOIN `fqi_school` `b` ON `b`.`school_id`=`a`.`school_id` WHERE `a`.`site_id` = '15' AND `b`.`school_status` = '1' AND `news_status` = 1 AND `content_id` < 28138 ORDER BY `content_id` DESC LIMIT 20 [ RunTime:0.007804s ]
0.019855s